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                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2021-03-11
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                <h2 id="手表内容实时更新"><a href="#手表内容实时更新" class="headerlink" title="手表内容实时更新"></a>手表内容实时更新</h2><p>手表很少独立运行,它需要外部的数据。您可以通过 <code>WebService</code>, <code>CloudKit</code>或者其它在线资源,您也可以从配对的手机分享<br>数据,尽管这不是您的app获取数据的主要方式</p>
<h2 id="直接访问数据-Access-via-WebServices-or-other-online-resoureces"><a href="#直接访问数据-Access-via-WebServices-or-other-online-resoureces" class="headerlink" title="直接访问数据(Access via WebServices or other online resoureces)"></a>直接访问数据(Access via WebServices or other online resoureces)</h2><p>三种方式访问数据</p>
<ul>
<li><p>通过将配对的手机作为代理进行数据访问</p>
</li>
<li><p>通过手表连接的<code>WIFI</code>访问</p>
</li>
<li><p>通过手表<code>Cellular</code>连接访问</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="基于URLSession访问网络数据"><a href="#基于URLSession访问网络数据" class="headerlink" title="基于URLSession访问网络数据"></a>基于<code>URLSession</code>访问网络数据</h3><h4 id="前台使用default和ephemeral-短暂的session-适合较少的数据传输-通常设置最长60秒超时"><a href="#前台使用default和ephemeral-短暂的session-适合较少的数据传输-通常设置最长60秒超时" class="headerlink" title="前台使用default和ephemeral, 短暂的session,适合较少的数据传输,通常设置最长60秒超时"></a>前台使用<code>default</code>和<code>ephemeral</code>, 短暂的session,适合较少的数据传输,通常设置最长60秒超时</h4><p>  ** 推迟网络请求,当网络请求连接无法访问的时候,URLSession Task将会失败,会抛出一个<code>NSURLErrorNotConnectedToInternet.</code></p>
<p>  ** 设置<code>waitsForConnectivity</code>属性,告诉系统等待连接在开始任务之前,这将会阻止请求失败当手表连接不可以用时。<br>使用<code>urlSession(_:taskIsWaitingForConnectivity:)</code>委托方法来了解请求何时被延迟</p>
<h4 id="后台使用background-session维持一个长时间的session"><a href="#后台使用background-session维持一个长时间的session" class="headerlink" title="后台使用background session维持一个长时间的session"></a>后台使用<code>background session</code>维持一个长时间的<code>session</code></h4><p>  ** 创建<code>background session</code>,创建<code>downloadTask</code>,执行<code>resume</code>方法</p>
<p>  ** 在<code>WatchKit</code>的扩展代理使用<code>handle(_:)</code>方法响应手表的后台任务并完成后台任务。</p>
<p>  ** WKURLSessionRefreshBackgroundTask: </p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//创建backgroundSessionConfiguration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> config <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="type">URLSessionConfiguration</span>.background(withIdentifier: myRequestID)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">config.isDiscretionary <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">config.sessionSendsLaunchEvents <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> urlSession <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="type">URLSession</span>(configuration: config, delegate: <span class="keyword">self</span>, delegateQueue: <span class="literal">nil</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> backgroundTask <span class="operator">=</span> urlSession.downloadTask(with: url)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//如果您的应用程序在活动的监视面上有复杂的情况,它可以接收最多4个`WKURLSessionRefreshBackgroundTask`每小时，为了避免节流,设置`earlliestBeginData`属性,来安排后台URL会话任务的时间间隔不超过15分钟。</span></span><br><span class="line">backgroundTask.earliestBeginDate <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="type">Date</span>().addingTimeInterval(<span class="number">15</span><span class="operator">*</span><span class="number">60</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//开始后台任务</span></span><br><span class="line">backgroundTask.resume()</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>不要子类化<code>WKURLSessionRefreshBackgroundTask</code>,系统会自动实例化<code>WKURLSessionRefreshBackgroundTask</code>,并传递这个task到手表扩展代理的<code>handle(_:)</code>方法中来响应<code>URLSession</code> events，系统创建后台任务当下面的事件发生时:</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><p>完成后台传输需要身份验证。</p>
</li>
<li><p>与会话标识符关联的<strong>所有后台传输都已完成（成功或失败）</strong>。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p>要获取有关传输的更多信息，请创建具有相同会话标识符的后台配置对象。接下来，使用配置对象和会话委托创建会话对象。新会话将自动与传输重新关联，并调用相应的委托方法。</p>
</li>
<li><p>推迟调用后台URLSession任务的setTaskCompleted（）方法，直到所有委托方法调用完成处理。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Note: 在下载大量数据时需要指定 session config 的<code>allowsCellularAccess</code>属性,如果涉及到和宿主app之间的数据传递,需要指定<code>sharedContainerIdentifier</code>, AppGroupId,共享文件</li>
</ul>
<p>所有后台任务都遵循相同的一般过程，首先，系统在后台唤醒扩展，并调用扩展委托的<code>handle(_:)</code>方法，传递一个包含一个或多个后台任务的集。然后，应用程序将执行以下操作：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>对于集合中的每个任务，应用程序都会检查任务类型，并执行相应的操作。如果计划了多个任务，请提供用户信息以确定任务的预期用途。系统安排的任务总是将其userInfo属性设置为nil</p>
</li>
<li><p>任务完成后，应用程序将调用任务的setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot（\方法：）方法。所有后台任务完成后，系统将再次挂起应用程序。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>watchOS为应用程序可能使用的特定功能定义后台任务，例如获取快照或处理Siri意图</p>
<p>由于后台任务的异步特性，当您当前正在处理其他后台任务时，或者当您的应用程序位于前台时，可能会对多个任务调用<code>handle（：）</code>方法。如果watchOS在应用程序处于前台时调用了<code>handle（_：）</code>方法，则可以忽略这些任务，调用<code>setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot（：）</code>，然后返回。</p>
<h2 id="Watch-Extension-Delegate-handler"><a href="#Watch-Extension-Delegate-handler" class="headerlink" title="Watch Extension Delegate handler(_:)"></a>Watch Extension Delegate handler(_:)</h2><p>如果实现代理的<code>handle（_：）</code>方法，将接收所有后台任务，包括您计划的任务和系统计划的任务。<strong>应用程序的其他一些行为也会发生变化</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>后台监视连接传输唤醒应用程序(<code>Background Watch Connectivity</code>)，触发后台监视连接任务。使用此任务接收数据并更新应用程序的状态。</p>
</li>
<li><p>后台URLSession传输在传输(<code>Background URLSession transfers</code>)需要授权或传输完成（无论是否成功）时唤醒应用程序。使用此任务可授权传输或更新应用程序的状态。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="使用CloudKit存储数据到Cloud"><a href="#使用CloudKit存储数据到Cloud" class="headerlink" title="使用CloudKit存储数据到Cloud"></a>使用CloudKit存储数据到Cloud</h2><p>CloudKit允许您保存数据到一个Cloud Container容器中,分享数据到所有连接用户云账户的设备中,如分享当前用户的地理位置</p>
<p>CloudKit具有以下有点:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>用户可以访问CloudKit数据基于他们的AppleId而不需在应用内重新登录</p>
</li>
<li><p>CloudKit无处不在,它在所有苹果设备上都可以作为本机框架使用,Web框架允许用户访问CloudKit在不通过的web平台上,尽管它们不包含一个本机框架</p>
</li>
<li><p>CloudKit需要一个URLSession,这意味着WatchOS将会自动的搜索最佳路由来请求，通过代理的手机设备,通过WiFI,或者Cellular连接</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>CloudKit在WatchOS 6和更高版本中支持<code>CKSubscription</code>和通知订阅,让您的手表可以响应来自其它设备的变化,这使得CloudKit可以做一个潜在的独立的app作为WatchConnectivity的替代品.</p>
<h2 id="通过配对的手机分享数据有许多限制"><a href="#通过配对的手机分享数据有许多限制" class="headerlink" title="通过配对的手机分享数据有许多限制"></a>通过配对的手机分享数据有许多限制</h2><p>当您的手表计划一个周期性的任务来更新它的信息时,这些任务受到了严格的限制： </p>
<ol>
<li><p>应用每天能够被唤起的次数</p>
</li>
<li><p>应用程序被唤起来时可以运行的时间</p>
</li>
<li><p>应用程序不能保证后台的执行时间</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>此外在WatchOS 6之后,用于允许安装单独安装iOS手表应用. 随着3系列的手表发布(GPS+Cellular),即使是县骨干的应用程序也有可能很长时间内远离配对的iPhone，即使你的应用程序无法与它的同伴连接，也应该继续提供有用的信息。</p>
<p>所以<code>WatchConnectivitiy.framework</code>应该作为一个优化选项,而不是作为手表的主要通信方式。</p>
<h2 id="使用不同的配置来测试和更新代码"><a href="#使用不同的配置来测试和更新代码" class="headerlink" title="使用不同的配置来测试和更新代码"></a>使用不同的配置来测试和更新代码</h2><p>当您的手表连接到<code>CloudKit</code>或者通过<code>URL Session Request</code>访问在线资源时候，系统可以通过以下三种方式来实现路由请求。所以在开发您的手表应用时,请使用以下三种路由方式才测试应用.</p>
<ol>
<li>通过配对手机作为代理来访问网络请求</li>
<li>连接到一个已知的Wifi网络</li>
<li>使用Cellular来访问网络</li>
</ol>
<p>首先手表会尝试通过代理请求来访问一个配对的iPhone,手表和手机之间通过蓝牙通信,分享iPhone的网络连接, 当连接到一个配对的手机时候, <strong>手表的控制中心左上角显示一个绿色的手机图标</strong></p>
<p>如果手表无法连接到一个配对的手机，但是可以通过已知的<code>WiFi</code>(用户已经登录过的网络), <strong>手表的控制中心左上角显示一个绿色的WiFi图标</strong></p>
<p>如果都配对手机和WiFi都无法访问,它将会请求手表的蜂窝移动数据,只有在3系列的手表上才会显示<strong>手表的控制中心左上角显示一个绿色的GPS+Cellular图标</strong></p>
<h2 id="参考连接"><a href="#参考连接" class="headerlink" title="参考连接"></a>参考连接</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/watchkit/keeping_your_watchos_content_up_to_date">https://developer.apple.com/documentation/watchkit/keeping_your_watchos_content_up_to_date</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/watchkit/background_execution/using_background_tasks">https://developer.apple.com/documentation/watchkit/background_execution/using_background_tasks</a></p>

                
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